| ◎Transfer of Knowledge Through Expatriated Nationals Program |
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In 1970s, developing countries desperately need advanced management experience and skills during their economic and social development, while many senior scientists, engineers, doctors and managers in the world were born in developing countries and immigrated to developed countries permanently. In the light of the brain drain in the development world, UNDP initiated TOKTEN program in 1977 to encourage those overseas nationals to provide short-term service to their home countries. In 1980, with the help of UNDP, the TOKTEN program was set up in China. Under this program, UNDP provides the TOKTEN consultants with travel expenses and one to four weeks' Daily Subsistent Allowance, while their recipient units would bear some of the local cost of the consultants. |
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Characteristics of TOKTEN Program |
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Overseas Chinese consultants have very profound sentiments to China, and a strong desire to donate their knowledge and experience to the economic and social development of China; l Overseas Chinese consultants have a good comment of Chinese language and familiar with Chinese customs and traditions, which is an inherent advantage in communication; l Consultants usually keep in close contact with their recipient unit after the assignment, and provide further support such as exchanging information, and arranging mission or study tour for the recipient unit to their resident countries etc. |
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Program in China |
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China started to invite TOKTEN consultants in 1980. By the end of 2002, more than 2,000 consultants had provided serviced in China in a large range of fields such as environment, new energy, poverty alleviation, microelectronics, biological engineering, marine, science, material manufacturing, water resources, agriculture, industry, finance, trade, economy, transportation, public facilities, education, health, law and ICT. They are mainly from countries such a from America, Canada, Great Britain, France, Germany, Australia, Japan and Singapore and etc. The program has achieved satisfying and significant outcomes in its more than 20 years practice. |
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Supporting Areas |
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Environmental protection, traffic, petroleum, coal, solar energy, atomic energy, water conservancy, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, chemical industry, machinery, electronics, construction, composite material, aviation and aerospace, meteorology, geology, earthquake, remote sensing, metallurgy, construction, textile, bioengineering, clothing, art, book, food, tourism, finance, trade, law, tax revenue, real estate, education, vital statistics, public facility ,etc. |
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·UNDP will provide the consultant(s) with economy round trip air tickets between his or her resident place and the city of assignment in China. The travel agencies authorized by CICETE will arrange the air tickets;
·UNDP will provide the consultant(s) with part of Daily Subsistent Allowance (herein-after referred to as DSA) during their stay in China while the recipient unit will cover the local transportation costs and part of DSA;
·In accordance with relevant rules and regulations, UNDP is not responsible for those costs as occurred for illness, injuries, or death of the consultant during the term of service. These costs if any should be borne by insurance institutions of the residing country of the consultant. Therefore, the recipient unit must have a good understanding of the health condition of the consultant(s) before recruitment and ask them to have life and medical insurance. The recipient unit should provide CICETE with Health Guarantee if the age of the consultant(s) is over 65.
·All cost relating to travel by the relatives of the consultant(s) to visit China should be borne of his/her own. |
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| ◎ Senior Technical Advisor Recruitment Program |
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| Background of Star Program |
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In 1985, STAR program was established in China to provide foreign experts of non-Chinese origin with the similar arrangements as TOKTEN program. This has widened the expert resource base and area coverage. The two programs merged and became TOKTEN/STAR program in 1991, and National STAR component was added in 1999 to recruit national experts to provide short-term service to the less developed regions of China. |
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Characteristics of STAR Program |
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· The STAR consultants are not paid for their services. UNDP covers the Daily Subsistence Allowance and international traveling expenses for them while their recipient units would bear some of the local cost the consultants;
· The Program is executed by Government, which provides flexible and timely support mechanism to facilitate the international technical expertise and advisory services;
· There will be follow up cooperation such as technical exchange and information sharing between STAR Consultants and their recipient units, if they keep in close contact with each other;
· STAR experts' service covers a large range of fields except military and commercial purposes. |
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| STAR Program in China |
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China started to invite experts under STAR program in 1985. By the end of 2002, nearly 4000 STAR experts had been recruited to conduct training, design and research activities in China. Most of them are from developed countries in Europe and North America. Their service activities involved in many fields such as micro-electronics, biological engineering, marine science and material manufacturing as well as water resources, agriculture, industry, finance, trade, economy, transportation, public works, education, health, law and ICT. In recent years, the number of advisors from Europe, CIS Countries, Southeast Asia and other developing countries is also on the rise. The program has achieved satisfactory and remarkable outcomes in its 20 years practice and become an important source obtaining foreign expertise and professional services for China. |
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Supporting Areas |
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Environmental protection, traffic, petroleum, coal, solar energy, atomic energy, water conservancy, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, chemical industry, machinery, electronics, construction, composite material, aviation and aerospace, astronomy, meteorology, geology, earthquake, remote sensing, metallurgy, construction, textile, bioengineering, clothing, art, book, tourism, finance, trade, law, education, hygiene, business management, public facility, poverty reduction ,etc. |
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Financial Arrangement |
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UNDP will provide the consultant(s) with economy round trip air tickets between his or her resident place and the city of assignment in China. The travel agencies authorized by CICETE will arrange the air tickets;
·UNDP will provide the consultant(s) with part of Daily Subsistent Allowance (herein-after referred to as DSA) during their stay in China while the recipient unit will cover the local transportation costs and part of DSA;
·In accordance with relevant rules and regulations, UNDP is not responsible for those costs as occurred for illness, injuries, or death of the consultant during the term of service. These costs if any should be borne by insurance institutions of the residing country of the consultant. Therefore, the recipient unit must have a good understanding of the health condition of the consultant(s) before recruitment and ask them to have life and medical insurance. The recipient unit should provide CICETE with Health Guarantee if the age of the consultant(s) is over 65.
·All cost relating to travel by the relatives of the consultant(s) to visit China should be borne of his/her own.
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